A traditional physiological and mental practice of Hinduism and philosophy in the Indian subcontinent.
The term "yoga" later became integrated into the meditative systems of Buddhism and Jainism, in addition to Hinduism. Today it is observed by people of all religions all over the world. The main branches of yoga in Hindu philosophy are Rajyoga, Karmayoga (work), gnanayoga (consciousness), Bhaktiyoga (devotion), and Hathayoga. It is very difficult to determine exactly where the origin of yoga is in Hinduism or who is its originator because yoga is closely related to the antiquity of Hinduism. Devadidev Mahadeva is called the greatest yogi.
Maharishi Patanjali formally structured yoga. Yoga, as mentioned in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, is one of the six main branches of Hindu philosophy (the other branches are Kapil's Sankhya, Gautama's Nyaya, Kanada's Vaisesika, Jaimini's Purva Mimamsa, and Badrayana's Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta). Other Hindu scriptures that discuss yoga are Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Shiva Samhita, various Puranas, and various Tantras. The history of yoga is at least 5000 years old or more.
The Sanskrit word "yoga" has multiple meanings. It is derived from the Sanskrit "yuj" dhatu, meaning "to control", "to join" or "to unite". The word "yoga" therefore literally means "to join", "to unite", "to connect" or "to approach". One who practices yoga or follows the yogic philosophy of the high path with skill is called a yogi or yogini.
Patanjali's definition of yoga in the second sutra of his Sadhanapada is considered the defining formula of his entire text:
Prohibition of yoga: Links 1.2
That is, "Yoga is the modification of the mind ("chitta") ("Vritti") Nivritti ("Nirodha"). That is, yoga is not allowing the mind to accept various types of vrittis or consequences.
Swami Vivekananda translated this sutra, "Yoga is restraining the mind-stuff (Citta) from taking various forms (Vrittis)."
Swami Vivekananda further clarified this with an example in his Patanjala Yogasutra - People sleep with their eyes open but do not have the feeling of darshan. That is, it is desirable to have a relationship between the eyes and the mind. Again he said - 'We cannot see the bottom of the lake, because its surface is covered with small waves. When the waves are calm, the water is still, only a fleeting glimpse of the bottom is possible. If the water is turbid or constantly pulsating, the bottom will never be seen. If it is clear, and there is not a single wave in it, then only we can see its bottom... He who has mastered these waves of the mind is the calm man'.
Explaining the 29 sutras of the Samadhipada, Vivekananda says - 'Constant chanting and meditation will experience the results - insight is gradually developing and mental and physical obstacles are being removed'. These are the words that quantum is running on their own, but they are long ago and ours.
While asceticism is mentioned in the Vedic texts, tapasya (tapaha) is clearly mentioned in the Vedic Brahmanical texts. Seals from the Indus Civilization (3300 BC) have been found in various archaeological sites depicting a person sitting in meditation. The method of attaining the highest level of consciousness through meditation is described in the Vedic tradition of Hinduism. There is also evidence of the existence of meditation systems in the Nasadian Sukta and Rigvedic periods.
The word "Yoga" is first mentioned in Kathapanishad. The word "yoga" in the text means to rise to the highest level of consciousness by establishing control over sense attachments and mental impulses. The texts that trace the evolution of the concept of yoga are the Upanishads, the Mahabharata, (Bhagavad Gita) and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Yoga is also mentioned in Shvetashvatara Upanishad.
Yoga is one of the six main philosophical branches of Hindu philosophy. The Yoga branch is closely related to the Sankhya branch. Although the yoga philosophy described by Patanjali adopts the philosophy of psychology, creation, and knowledge of Sankhya philosophy, Patanjali's yoga philosophy is much more God-oriented than Sankhya philosophy.
Patanjali is the founder of formal yoga philosophy. He belonged to the second century BC. He is the compiler of Yogasutra. Patanjali's yoga, which is a way of controlling the mind, is known as Rajyoga. Maharishi Patanjali's Yogadarshan is divided into four padas (chapters). These are-
1. Samadhipada : This pada describes the signs, forms and means of attaining yoga.
2. Sadhanapada: In this pada various types of afflictions including ignorance are said to be the cause of all suffering. It is in this verse that Ashtanga Yoga is described.
3. Vibhutipad: In Ashtanga yoga, meditation, meditation and samadhi are collectively called these three restraints. The saint is also warned not to fall into the temptation of siddhilav even if he makes a mistake.
4. Kaivalyapad: Describes the form of mind capable of attaining liberation. The apprehensions that may arise for Yogadarshan are also discussed in this chapter. At the end the book ends by describing the nature of the buried man.
Rechak and Kumbhaka, Patanjali Yoga Sutra (1:34), Asana (2:46), Pranayama (2:49). After Patanjali, the three main prana streams of other yogis - Ira, Pingala and Sushumma - are largely associated with the spiritual life of Hinduism and philosophy.
Patanjali's work is the basis of the system known as "Ashtanga Yoga". This concept of Ashtanga Yoga is found in the 29th Sutra of Volume II of the Yoga Sutras. Ashtanga Yoga is the basic characteristic of every form of Raja Yoga practiced today. These eight organs are:
1. Yama (the five "avoidances")
Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha.
2. Precepts (Five "Pious Actions")
Purity, contentment, austerities, devotion and surrender to God. Both 'Yama' and 'Niyam' aim to subdue the senses and emotions and introspect them with God.
3. the seat
Asana is the position in which the body is kept still for practicing yoga and does not cause any kind of pain. In short, asana is the name of sitting still and comfortably.
4. Pranayama ("control of breath")
Regulates the life force by controlling the vital breath.
5. withdrawal
Withdrawing the senses from external things. Even if the body is immobilized with the help of asana and pranayama, the agitation of the senses and mind may not be completely removed. In such a situation, withdrawing the senses from external things and obeying the mind is withdrawal.
6. idea
To settle the mind on a subject. Fixation of the mind on a particular object or receptacle is called an idea.
7. meditation
Dissolving the mind in meditation. If the mind is focused on the subject, then it is called meditation. This unity means to think constantly.
8. the tomb
Absence of consciousness with Dheya. When the meditation becomes intense, the mind becomes so absorbed in the meditation that the mind becomes absorbed in the meditation. In this state, the distinction between the form of meditation and the subject of meditation is lost. This state of mind is called samadhi. These samadhi types are Sabikalpa and Nirvikalpa. When the sage has a sense of difference between himself and the object of meditation, it is called sabikalpa samadhi. Again, when the saint becomes united with the object of meditation, that state is called Nirvikalpa Samadhi. Then there is no trace of thought in his mind. Attainment of this samadhi is the highest stage of yoga practice, the ultimate attainment of the yogi.
According to this branch, if one rises to the highest state of consciousness, the diverse world no longer appears to be illusion. The everyday world feels real. In this state one attains self-realization. His immunity is revoked.
Yoga is divided into two parts. Namely:
1. haste
2. Raja Yoga
The purpose of Hatha Yoga is to make the body healthy, strong and long-lived. Hatha yogi believes that to master any energy one needs to control the body. By common people yoga refers to Hatha yoga exercises or asanas.
The purpose of Rajyoga is to unite the soul with the Supreme Soul. And to connect with this supreme soul is the liberation or salvation of the living being.
However, Hatha Yoga is also closely related to Raja Yoga. A prerequisite for Sadhana is to keep the body healthy. "Sharimadyang Khalu Dharmasadhanam". That is, 'If the body and mind are not healthy, no worldly or transcendental action can be done properly'.
Yoga is described in various Hindu texts. They are-
Keeping the chest, neck and head elevated, holding the body evenly, and keeping the senses in mind, the wise person crosses all the terrible currents with the raft of Brahma. (Svetashvatara Upanishad, 2:8) Also in the second chapter of the Svetasvatara Upanishad, mantras 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are said about yoga-meditation.
Meditation is achieved by the suppression of all the varti. (Numbers-Proverbs Sutra 3:31)
Because the meditative man is compared with the still earth. [Vyasa (Vedanta) Sutra, 4th Chapter, 1, Pada, 9]
Ending with the words of Gita. In the sixth chapter of the Gita, Lord Krishna describes yoga-meditation:
"The celibate and tranquil minded yogi carefully restrains the mind, keeping the spine, head, and neck level and fixed and fixing his gaze on the tip of his nostrils, without looking elsewhere." (Gita, 6:13-14)
There are many more such verses in the Gita. Mahabharata mentions meditation and yoga by Lord Krishna, Guru Dronacharya, Vyasadev and many others.
Hence yoga-meditation-exercises have been integrated into the life system of Hindus since ancient times. But at present we have neglected them. But in modern times, Swami Vivekananda, Rishi Aurobindo; Many yoga gurus including Baba Ramdev, Ravi Shankar among the living have made this yoga philosophy a treasure of the world. Even with the influence of this Yogadarshan among many stars and sportsmen, this wealth of Hinduism has become a global treasure. On the initiative of the Prime Minister of India, the United Nations gave special status to this day and to cherish and observe this great philosophy keeping in mind our traditions and even its practical aspects is the main motivation of Yoga Day.
Collect From:
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1. Swami Vivekananda Words and Writings, Volume 1.
2. Maharshi Patanjali's Yoga-Philosophy, Gita Press Gorakhpur.
3. Wikipedia.
4. sonatonvabona blog.
The next post will discuss the rules for YOGA. Thank you.
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